SPORTS

Most Expensive Sports in the World



Here we will talk about list of top 10 most expensive sports in the world. We all know that trends are now much changed in the world and people are more focused towards sports. Sports are the best way to relax from the normal routines and do something different. Mostly specialists say that sports keep the people healthy and good for the mind as well. There are many kinds of sports, in which some of them can be easily played at home with all things used in them but some sports are very expensive and difficult to play at home. These sports are conducted through some special tournaments and shows to display them for all over the world. Anyone can participate in these types of sports if he or she is capable of playing them. All other normal kind of sports can be played at any time but these cannot be played or cannot be taken as career. 


The following are top 10 most expensive sports in the world:
10. Equestrian:

It is very famous sport which involves driving, riding and chasing with horses. We all know that riding a horse is the most favorite sport of many people. It is basically very rare sport played with only limited number of people due to its high cost. As the cost of training and keeping a horse for all these kind of sports are very expensive and their traveling expenses are also very high. The cost of taking a horse to some this kind of event can cost almost $200,000 each year. In this amount the cost of horse is not included which is very expensive as well.

9. Polo:

Polo is very famous sports also in countries like UK. This sport is always associated with upper class and rich people due to its high cost. Its cost is high as expenses on horse their maintenance and all other are very high. Mostly polo players have to keep 4 horses in order to keep some as backup plan. The matches conducted for polo can cost almost $150,000. Mostly polo matches are sponsored by famous companies which cost up to $1,000,000 which is very expensive and high charges. The one problem in this sport it causes many serious injuries to the polo players.



8. Formula 1:

Formula 1 is very famous sport and is very expensive as well due to high cost involved in it especially medical charges as injuries in it are very serious. The main point of this sport is that all drivers have to own their own cars which are usually the most expensive sports cars all over the world. It is basically a motor racing game in which the driver drives the car through different routes. Mostly sponsors are there to make these events possible to very high cost. A single race costs about $190,000. It is very famous sport in many countries especially in Dubai.


7. Sailing:

No one will be surprise to see this sport in this list as it is very expensive as well. For this sport, boats are very important and all the riders have to own their own boats and all equipment required in this game. In this game, a sailing vessel used can cost almost $100 million. Once the whole equipment is purchased then this game is not at all expensive. It only occurs in some special months and the whole year boats are stored without any reason. Mostly boats are kept on dry places then it is expensive to take them into water.


6. Pentathlon:

This is very expensive sport because participation in this game cost large amount. Its training and equipment used in this is also very expensive. The people participating in this sport have to spend on further 5 sports which are running, swimming, shooting, jumping and fencing as well which is very good experience. The cost incurred on the equipment and keeping them is very expensive as maintaining guns and purchasing them cost large amount of money.


5. Wingsuiting:

It is very different and interesting sport in which humans are thrown in the air wearing jumpsuit and they have to fly in them. People will be shocked to know that wingsuit is not expensive it only cost about $2,500. The most expensive thing in this sport is the money spent on going up and coming down safely. As people have to take special training, rent a plane, pilot and insurance as well. But the events conducted for these sports are very expensive due to all expenses incurred on the event.



4. Bobsledding:

This interesting game was introduced in Winter Olympics. This was first performed by the American star Lolo Jones as she got training after 2012. It is similar to F1 and requires a lot of sponsorship due to very high expenses. It can cost about $25,000 for bobsleds while training expenses are separate. People will not believe that construction of bobsled can cost about millions of dollars. It is basically a team sport in which there are four members which shows cost will also four times greater.


3. Hot Air Balloon Racing:

Mostly people did not know about hot air balloon race in the world or it is basically a sport. An individual has to pay $300 for one hour ride on the balloon. Mostly people participating in them own their own balloons which are very expensive. A hot air balloon cost about $20,000 if purchased. Some measures must be adopted to participate in this sport like safety measures. The cost of training a pilot on these balloons cost about $3000 to go on these balloons.


2. Ski Jumping:

Ski jumping is very famous and interesting sport in the world. The equipment used in this sport can cost about $2,500. The recreational ski jumping is very expensive and can only be affordable by the rich people. A jumper has to spend almost $100,000 to go for this ride. It is also insured because of high risk in this game.


1. The Whitianga Festival of Sports:

The most expensive sport in the world is Whitianga festival of speed. It is very famous sport that is conducted in New Zealand in every year. It has helicopter used in it, boat, ski racing and helicopter racing as well. In this sport there is basically a competition between one another. Owning and keeping the equipment for this game are very expensive and requires about millions of dollars. It is the most expensive sports teams in the world as well.


COMPUTING

Artificial intelligence


is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior. Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", in which anintelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".


AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.

The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is still among the field's long-term goals. Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are a large number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics, and many others. The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, including computer science, mathematics,psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience, as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology.


The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, human intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—"can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings endowed with human-like intelligence, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity. Artificial intelligence has been the subject of tremendous optimism but has also suffered stunningsetbacks. Today it has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most challenging problems in computer science.

SOCIAL SCIENCES


Pollution

For most of the time that humans have inhabited the earth our wastes were only of significance on a local level. In recent decades society has started to take seriously the impact of human actions on the planet in a broader sense. Pollution of the air, land and water comes from a variety of sources and continues to be a major issue for communities and countries across the globe. While measures have been taken to address pollution in various ways across many dimensions – from local waste collection and recycling programs to international hazardous waste protocols -- globalization has magnified the problems as pollution is often exported along with good and services. One of the major challenges of the 21st century is to find ways for a growing human population to reduce the amount and impact of contaminants we discharge to our shared natural resources.





Air Pollution & Air Quality







Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microscopic organisms into the atmosphere; in particular, when concentrations of those substances cause adverse metabolic change to humans or other species. The most common and widespread air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. 


Presently, the greatest occurrences of air pollution are in China, India, Indonesia, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. Each year air pollution is the cause of millions of human deaths, and even larger numbers of respiratory, circulatory, and cancer-related disease occurrences. Also, indoor air pollution is a significant source of human death and disease—mortality and morbidity—through indoor burning of wood and charcoal (especially in developing countries), tobacco smoking, radon trapping and a host of chemical substances found in paints, printing supplies and cleaning products.

PHILOSOPHY


Marxism


Marxism is the movement founded by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels which fights for the self-emancipation of the working class, subjecting all forms of domination by the bourgeoisie, its institutions and its ideology, to theoretical and practical critique.

Standing for the destruction of the capitalist state by the organised working class, Marxism is opposes all forms of reformism and “gradualism” or “evolutionary socialism”; Marxism is Revolutionary.



Marxism shares with other progressive social movements an uncompromising hostility to all forms of domination — sexism, racism, and so on, but what marks Marxism out from other progressive movements is that Marxists struggle always to overcome the manifold forms of domination and exploitation in and through the self-emancipation of the working class. Thus Marxism is Revolutionary Socialism.

While Marxism stands for the destruction of the capitalist state, and has as its aim the withering away of the state and all forms of institutionalised violence, Marxists not only support the right of the working class to exercise a domination over the bourgeoisie, they actively fight for that, since the dictatorship of the proletariat is the possible way to destroy bourgeois rule and open the way to the disappearance of all classes, including the class of wage-slaves. Marxism has its origins in the struggle for this perspective, in opposition to anarchism which seeks to undermine all forms of authority and seeks destruction of the capitalist state without promoting and preparing the working class for the seizure and holding of public political power.



Social power and relations of domination are transmitted in many different forms, aside from the state, nevertheless “concentrated force is required to overthrow concentrated force”, so Marxists always struggle to develop the organised strength of the workers movement. Freedom is always limited by the opportunities that the community provides for the development of a personality. Freedom is not enhanced simply by the removal of limitations on the autonomy of individuals. Marxists aim to enhance the freedom of working class people chiefly by expanding the scope of collective action and the possibilities for individual growth and creativity within that.

Marxism is a tendency within the workers movement and it is concerned with both theoretical and practical critique. By “practical critique” is meant political action which undermines and “exposes” the object and mobilises opposition to it. In the history of the movement, these two sides — the theoretical and the practical — have from time to time become separated from one another; one the one side “academic Marxism” working on theoretical questions in relative isolation from the workers’ movement, on the other genuine communists doing battle for the working class, but isolated from the creative development of revolutionary Marxist ideas.

PHYSICAL

SOUND

sound is a vibration that propagates as a typically audible mechanical wave of pressure and displacement, through a medium such asair or water. In physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.

Sound can propagate through compressible media such as air, water and solids as longitudinal waves and also as a transverse waves in solids (see Longitudinal and transverse waves, below). The sound waves are generated by a sound source, such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. The sound source creates vibrations in the surrounding medium. As the source continues to vibrate the medium, the vibrations propagate away from the source at the speed of sound, thus forming the sound wave. At a fixed distance from the source, the pressure, velocity, and displacement of the medium vary in time. At an instant in time, the pressure, velocity, and displacement vary in space. Note that the particles of the medium do not travel with the sound wave. This is intuitively obvious for a solid, and the same is true for liquids and gases (that is, the vibrations of particles in the gas or liquid transport the vibrations, while the average position of the particles over time does not change). During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium.


The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things:
  • A relationship between density and pressure. This relationship, affected by temperature, determines the speed of sound within the medium.
  • The propagation is also affected by the motion of the medium itself. For example, sound moving through wind. Independent of the motion of sound through the medium, if the medium is moving, the sound is further transported.
  • The viscosity of the medium also affects the motion of sound waves. It determines the rate at which sound is attenuated. For many media, such as air or water, attenuation due to viscosity is negligible.
When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed or focused).The mechanical vibrations that can be interpreted as sound are able to travel through all forms of matter: gases, liquids, solids, and plasmas. The matter that supports the sound is called the medium. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

LITERATURE

Investing early: improving language development in the early years 

We make the case for prioritising action to improve early language skills among the poorest children. Children’s early language skills have a major impact on the development of their literacy skills. Yet one in five young children in England are not reaching the expected level of communication and language skills for their age, rising to one in four children from disadvantaged backgrounds. All three- and four-year-olds in England, as well as two-year-olds from disadvantaged backgrounds, are entitled to free part-time early education. Universal free early education provides a strong foundation for a world-class early education system that enables all young children to build good early language skills. There is a major opportunity to capitalise on this foundation by significantly strengthening the quality of the early education workforce. Our priorities for early years education over the next parliament are: 


1. Early education in every nursery in England to be led by an early years graduate by 2020, with government support initially focused on nurseries serving children from disadvantaged backgrounds.

2. Every nursery in England to have at least one non-graduate member of staff with an intermediate level qualification in young children’s speech, language and communication. 

3. The creation of a cross-departmental early years minister to coordinate Whitehall strategy and delivery on early years services across health, education and local government


MATH


How to Estimate Hours Left Until Sunset


Do you know that math can help you survive? I’m not talking about jobs, money, and feeding yourself—I mean the lost in the wilderness, life depends on it kind of surviving. How does this work? Keep on reading The Math Dude to find out

Have you ever watched the show Survivorman? Or any of the numerous other shows of that ilk? I must admit I went through a phase a few years ago that involved a fair bit of survival expert program binging. Not only were the shows entertaining, but I learned a few things that could come in handy someday.


As it turns out, one of the things I was enlightened to learn involves a lovely combination of math and astronomy (my favorite, exquisitely delicious pairing.)

What could it be? And how can math help you escape a wilderness disaster and survive? Those are exactly the questions we’ll be answering today.

Math to the Rescue?
Here’s the scenario: You're hiking in the remote wilderness with a friend, when one of you gets sick. High fever and fatigue has slowed your walking down to a snail's pace, and it’s becoming increasingly clear that you and your friend are not going to make it back to camp before the sun sets and the temperature drops.


What do you do? You shake yourself awake from that awful dream, get off the couch, turn of the TV, stop watching so many episodes of Survivorman, and go climb into bed.